MULTIPLICATION OF WHOLE NUMBERS
Instead of adding 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12, you usually write 3 x 4 = 12. You say that you have
multiplied 3 by 4 and that 12 is the product of 3 times 4.
3
multiplicand
x
4
multiplier
12
product
In the multiplication problem above, the 4 is called the
,
the
3
is
called the
, and the answer you get is called the
.
The simplest way to avoid mistakes in multiplication is to form the habit of checking. To check
multiplication, you use the principle that the order in which the numbers are multiplied does not affect
the product. For example, 6 x 9 = 9 x 6. You can see that the answer is the same if you multiply 16 x
18 or 18 x 16.
Multiplicand
18
Check
16
Multiplicand
Multiplier
16
18
Multiplier
108
128
1 8__
1 6__
Product
288
288
Product
Now, solve these multiplication problems to test your multiplication skills.
(1)
19
(2)
20
(3)
17
(4)
220
x 7
x 21
x 0
x 56
(5)
819
(6)
563
(7)
1 4, 9 6 0
(8)
3 1, 4 1 6
x 706
x 400
x
251
x 3, 1 4 1
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