used for aviation refueling, an Aqua-Glo test must be performed. Do not use the
tanker if the fuel is contaminated.
After loading and before discharging a tank vehicle, gage the tank for water. If any
water is found, drain it immediately through the gravity discharge outlet. In addition,
drain the water from the manual water drain valve.
Do not carry foreign objects in pockets or clothing when working around petroleum
tanks. Keep tools away from tank openings.
Keep hoses in storage compartments when not in use. Do not remove dust caps or
plugs from nozzles until they are ready for use.
Contaminants. Contamination may consist of solid foreign matter, free or emulsified water, mixed fuels
or grades of fuel, or all of these.
Foreign matter can enter fuel from a number of sources such as tanks, pipes, hoses and pumps, and
also from people. The foreign matter found most often consists of bits of rust, paint, metal, rubber, lint,
dust, and sand. Rust is probably the most common of these. Sediment is the general term applied to
solid contaminants.
Water is one of the most common contaminants. It can get into fuel through leaks and condensation.
Dissolved water in fuel is like vaporized moisture in the air. Fresh or salt water may be present in small
droplets that produce a cloud effect, in larger droplets that cling to the sides of containers, in very large
amounts that settle to the bottom in a separate layer, or in emulsions. Emulsions usually occur when fuel
droplets become suspended in water. This may happen when fuel is agitated in the presence of water,
as when it passes through a pump. The heavier the fuel, the longer the emulsion may last.
Mixed fuels or grades of fuels can be as serious as any other form of contamination. Different kinds of
fuel must be stored in separate tanks and pumped one at a time so that fuels will not mix in lines,
filter/separators, pumps, and refuelers. Be sure to mark all systems (fixed and mobile) to show what type
of fuel each is handling at the time. Mixed fuels or grades are hard to detect without testing. Only
people with a great deal of experience notice the slight changes in color or odor.
PART B - PETROLEUM LABORATORY OPERATIONS
Laboratory tests ensure fuels meet specifications, identify unknown products, detect
contamination, verify unfavorable field tests, and provide the basis for disposition of unacceptable fuel.
Laboratory tests include, but are not limited to, distillation, gravity, corrosion, water tolerance, particulate
matter, freeze point, vapor pressure, gum content, tetraethyl lead, and sulfur.
Types of tests.
Type "A" test - complete specification tests.
Type "B-1" test - partial analysis comprising the checking of principal characteristics most likely to have
been affected in the course of moving the product (contamination).
Type "B-2" test - partial analysis to verify characteristics susceptible to deterioration because of age.
Type "B-3" test - partial analysis for contamination in particular for controlling the re-injection of pipeline
interface products (contamination in the pipeline).
Type "C" test - specific gravity, color and appearance, including visible sediment and water (visual).
DA Form 2077(Petroleum Laboratory Analysis Report). Review petroleum laboratory analysis
reports to determine the condition of tested petroleum product. DA 2077 (refer to Figure 10-1) is used by the
laboratory to indicate all test results on that given product and the disposition of the product.
Sample number - extracted from sample tag.
Laboratory report number - lab personnel assigned this number.
Product nomenclature and type - extracted from sample tag.
Specification number - extracted from sample tag.
Sample submitted by - extracted from sample tag.
Amount product sample represents - extracted from sample tag.
Manufacturer or supplier of product - extracted from sample tag.
Source of sample - extracted from sample tag.
Sample tag - extracted from sample tag.
10-3
QM 5092
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