ASTM Methods D 381 and D 873. (See Gum
Test.)
cut A fraction obtained by a separation process.
Product withdrawn from a pipeline and routed into
tankage. Product withdrawn from the middle of a
batch is referred to as a heart cut. In gaging bulk
fuel, the mark made by a petroleum product in
inhibitor A substance added in small amounts to a
contact with the gaging instrument. The cut shows
petroleum product to prevent or retard
the level of the product.
undesirable chemical changes from taking place
in the product or in the condition of the
Defense Energy Supply Center (DESC) An activity
equipment in which the product is used. The
under the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) with
essential function of inhibitors is to prevent or
responsibility as the integrated materiel manager
retard oxidation or corrosion.
(IMM) for wholesale bulk petroleum products until
their delivery to the point of sale. This
innage The height or volume of liquid in a storage
responsibility includes contract administration in
tank, as measured or gaged from the bottom of
oversea areas.
the tank to the top of the liquid.
deterioration Any undesirable chemical or physical
micron One micron is a thousandth part of one
change that takes place in a product during
millimeter (approximately 25,400 microns equal I
storage or use. Some of the more common forms
inch). The average human hair is about 100
of deterioration are weathering, gum formation,
microns in diameter.
weakening/loss of additives, and change in color.
off-specification product A product which fails to
distillation Vaporization of a liquid and its
meet one or more of the physical, chemical, or
subsequent condensation in a different chamber.
performance requirements of the specification.
In refining, it refers to the separation of one group
of petroleum constituents from another by means
Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) The measure of
of volatilization in some form of closed apparatus,
pressure exerted by a product on the interior of a
such as a still, by the aid of heat. ASTM
special container due to its tendency to vaporize.
distillation: Any distillation made according to an
ASTM distillation procedure, especially a
ullage The amount a tank, or container, lacks of
distillation test made on such products as gasoline,
being full.
jet or turbine fuels, and kerosene to determine the
initial and final boiling points and the boiling range.
upgrade A grade that slopes upward in the
direction of pipeline flow. To change service
flash point The lowest temperature at which a liquid
from a dark or heavy product to a light or volatile
petroleum product gives off vapor in sufficient
product; refers to the nature of a product stored
concentration to ignite (that is, flash) on application
in a tank or transported in a tanker, tank car, or
of a flame under specified conditions.
tank truck. To blend a higher grade gasoline
interface into tankage containing a lower grade
foaming The formation of froth or foam on
gasoline.
lubricating oils or other oils as a result of aeration
or release of gas dissolved in the oil. Foaming
characteristics of lubricating oils are determined by
ASTM Method D 892.
Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII) An agent to be
used only as an anti-icing additive for jet turbine
engine fuels and mandatory use in common diesel
fuels.
gum Varnish-like, tacky, noncombustible insoluble
deposits formed during the deterioration of
petroleum and its products, particularly gasoline.
The amount of gummy material in gasoline is
known as its gum content, which is determined by
A-2
QM 5182
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