Section II.
Terms
Components and additives of such products and
Additive an agent used for improving existing
coal.
characteristics or for imparting new characteristics
to certain petroleum products.
Class III A (Air) Petroleum and chemical products
used in support of aircraft.
American Petroleum Institute (API) The institute
represents and is supported by the petroleum
Class III W (Ground) Petroleum and chemical
industry. It standardizes the tools and equipment
used by the industry and promotes the
products and solid fuels used in support of
advancement of research in the petroleum field.
ground and marine equipment.
Aqua-Glo test A test to detect water in fuel supplies.
Clear and bright Clear is the absence of visible
solids, a cloud, a haze, an emulsion, or free
water in the product. Bright is the sparkle of
Appearance refers to the visual examination of
clean, dry product in transmitted light.
fuels. The terms used to describe appearance are
clear and bright, hazy and cloudy.
Compression ignition In a diesel engine the heat
of compression ignites the fuel, in contrast to the
Aviation fuels (AVFUELS) those refined petroleum
spark ignition in a gasoline engine.
products specifically formulated and blended for
use in aircraft engines, both jet engines and piston
Contaminant A foreign substance in a product.
(reciprocating) engines. AVGAS (below) is an
aviation fuel.
Contaminated product A product in which one or
more grades or types of products have been
Aviation gasoline (AVGAS) A hydrocarbon fuel for
inadvertently mixed, or a product containing
use in reciprocating piston-type aircraft engines.
foreign matter, such as dust, dirt, rust water, or
AVGAS is characterized by high vapor pressure
and distillation range and high tetraethyI lead
content. It is procured by the military under
Corrosion Rusting; a gradual eating away or
specification MIL-G-5572.
oxidation such, as the action of moist air on
steel, and the more rapid chemical action of acid
on metal or steel.
before operations begin in order equalize any
static potential that might exist and to provide a
Flash point The lowest temperature at which a
continuous path for any static potential that might
liquid petroleum product gives off vapor in
be generated after operations begin.
sufficient concentration to ignite (that is, flash)
on application of a flame under specified
Bottom loading Refers to the loading of a railway
conditions.
tank car or tank vehicle through the bottom outlet.
Bottom loading reduces loss through vapor
Ground products Refined petroleum products
formation.
normally intended for use in administrative,
combat, and tactical vehicles, materials-handling
equipment, special-purpose vehicles, and
furnaces to generate power or heat. Under Federal
stationary power and heating equipment.
Specification (FS) W-F-815, it is produced in six
grades: FS No. 1, FS No. 2, FS No. 4, FS No. 5
Innage tape and bob A steel measuring tape
(Light) FS No. 5 (Heavy), and FS No. 6. Under
connected by a harness snap to the eye of
specification MIL-F-859, one grade, Navy special,
cone-tipped bob. Used to measure the distance
is produced.
from the bottom of the tank to the liquid level of
product in a tank or gage pipe.
and insulating oils, preservatives, liquid and
Joint Petroleum Office (JPO) An office
compressed gases, chemical products, coolants,
established by the Joint Chiefs of Staff with
deicing and antifreeze compounds, together with
A-2
QM 5092
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