liquid, or liquids dissolved in a liquid.
The liquid that is
used to dissolve an element is called a solvent while the
elements that are dissolved are called solutes.
b.
Solubility.
Solubility refers to the degree to which
the dissolving process can be accomplished with respect to
factors such as the solute, temperature, pressure and time.
Generally, if the molecular structure of the solute and the
solvent is similar, they are more likely to form solutions.
c. Standardization. Standardization is a process by which
a solution having a concentration to the fourth decimal place is
obtained. This solution is referred to as a Standard Solution.
Standard solutions are either acidic or basic. Acidic solutions
are standardized by using a basic solution and vice versa. When
a solution is standardized, comparisons can be made of volumes
of solutions of known and unknown concentration.
d. Concentration of Solutions. You must also be aware of
the terms used to describe the concentration of solutions. The
particular expression of concentration will depend on the
intended use of the solution. Concentration may be described in
one of the following ways:
(1)
Percent by Weight:
This method deals with the
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weight in grams of a solute that is needed to make 100 grams of
a solution:
Percent by weight = weight of solute x 100%
Weight of solution
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(2)
Molarity:
Molarity addresses the theory of a Molar
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solution where A one molar solution (1M) contains one gram-
molecular weight of solute per liter of solution.
Molarity (M) = molecular weights of solute
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Liters of solution
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(3) Molality: This can be explained as a comparison
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of the weights of both solute and solvent as expressed in the
formula below
Molality =
molecular weight of solute
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1000 grams of solvent
(4)
Percent by volume:
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3-2
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